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Bibliographies Heroes The list below provides you with some basic bibliography for the study of four heroes of the Medieval period: Beowulf, Roland, the Cid, and St. Francis of Assisi. All were historical figures, but all became enshrined in more or less fantastic legend. They came from various eras and stations of life, but all excited the admiration of medieval men and women, and these men and women pondered the meaning of their lives. You do not need to restrict yourself to these four, but make sure that any of your additions are heroes in the same elevated sense. Saint Louis of France would qualify, but, for various reasons, Saint Joan of Arc probably would not. Pope Sylvester might, but Pope Innocent III would not. Some who might work would be Richard I of England, Tancred of Sicily, Fernan Gonzalez of Castile, Baldwin of Hainhault, Alfred the Great (maybe), St. Cuthbert. A couple of suggestions. Do NOT consider the medieval works you are reading quaint and rather primitive. Medieval literature is highly complex, with allusions, symbols, texts and sub)texts. Start out with the assumption that you will not be able to grasp but a portion of the work's complexities. Above all, do not accept things at face value. Also, do NOT approach these heroic legends with the assumption that they full of antiquated ideas. Medieval men and women were concerned with important issues and, unlike we, they liked their entertainment to provoke thought and challenge their minds. Here are SOME of the questions that you should be asking as you read these works: 1. What is virtue? 2. What are the obligations of a ruler? 3. What are the obligations of the subject? 4. How is a person fulfilled? 5. What is justice? 6. What is honor? 7. What are the limits of the individual? 8. What is the relationship between the individual and the world? 9. What is evil, and where did it come from? 10. Is human will free, or bound by destiny? There are others that will occur to you during your readings. BEOWULF: Beowulf. edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1987. PR 1585 .B38 1987 Beowulf. a verse translation into modern English by Edwin Morgan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1952. PR 1583 .M58 1952 Beowulf and its analogues. translated by G. N. Garmonsway and Jacqueline Simpson; including Archaeology and Beowulf, by Hilda Ellis Davidson. (Revised 1980) London, Dent, 1980. PR 1583 .G28 1980 Beowulf. illustrations by Charles Keeping, translation by Kevin Crossley-Holland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982 (1984 printing) PR 1583 .C76 1984 Beowulf. a verse translation with treasures of the ancient North by Marijane Osborn ; with an introduction by Fred C. Robinson. Berkeley: University of California Press ; London: Robert Springer/Pentangle Press, c1983. PR 1583 .O8 1983 Beowulf. an imitative translation by Ruth P.M. Lehmann. 1st ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1988. PR 1583 .L38 1988 Beowulf. a dual-language edition translated with an introd. and commentary by Howell D. Chickering, Jr. Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1977. PR 1583 .C48 Beowulf. edited with an introd., notes, and new prose translation by Michael Swanton. Manchester: Manchester University Press; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1978. PR 1583 .S8 1978 Bolton, W. F. Alcuin and Beowulf: an eighth-century view. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, c1978. PR 1585 .B6 Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990. PR 1585 .C55 1990 Cook, Albert S. Beowulfian and Odyssean voyages. New Haven, Conn.: Connecticut academy of arts and sciences, 1926. Q 11 .C9 vol. 28, p. 1-20 Science Library Damico, Helen. Beowulf's Wealhtheow and the valkyrie tradition. Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984. PR 1587 .W43 D3 1984 \f Fajardo-Acosta, Fidel. The condemnation of heroism in the tragedy of Beowulf: a study in the characterization of the epic. Lewiston, N.Y.: E. Mellen Press, c1989. PR 1587 .H45 F35 1989 Girvan, Ritchie. Beowulf and the seventh century: language and content. 1st ed. reissued, with a new chapter by Rupert Bruce-Mitford. London: Methuen, 1971. PR 1585 .G45 1971 Greenfield, Stanley B. Hero and exile: the art of old English poetry. edited by George H. Brown. London ; Ronceverte, W. Va.: Hambledon Press, 1989. PR 201 .G68 1989 Huppe, Bernard Felix. The hero in the earthly city. Binghamton: Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies, State University of New York at Binghamton, 1984. PR 1585 .H86 1984 Interpretations of Beowulf. edited by R.D. Fulk. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1991. PR 1585 .I58 1991 Lawrence, William W. Beowulf and epic tradition. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1928. PR 1585 .L3 Leake, Jane Acomb. The Geats of Beowulf; a study in the geographical mythology of the Middle Ages. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1967. D 90 .G4 L4 1967 Ogilvy, J. D. Reading Beowulf: an introduction to the poem, its background, and its style. 1st ed. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, c1983. PR 1585 .O37 1983 Parker, Mary A. Beowulf and Christianity. New York: Lang, c1987. PR 1587 .C47 P37 1987 Puhvel, Martin. Beowulf and Celtic tradition. Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1979. PR 1587 .C4 P8 Renoir, Alain. A key to old poems: the oral-formulaic approach to the interpretation of West-Germanic verse. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, c1988. PR 179 .O7 R46 1988 Swanton, Michael James. \f and the burden of kingship. Goppingen: Kummerle Verlag, 1982. PR 1587 .K55 S9 1982 The Dating of Beowulf. edited by Colin Chase. Toronto ; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, c1981. PR 1585 .D37 1981 Tripp, Raymond P More about the fight with the dragon: Beowulf, 2208b-3182. Lanham: University Press of America, c1983. PR 1587 .D7 T75 1983 Williams, David. Cain and Beowulf: a study in secular allegory. Toronto ; Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, c1982. PR 1587 .C3 W5 1982 Wolff, Hope Nash. A study in the narrative structure of three epic poems: Gilgamesh, the Odyssey, Beowulf. New York: Garland, 1987. ROLAND TEXTS: The song of Roland. A new translation by Dorothy L. Sayers. Harmondsworth, Eng. Penguin Books 1957. PQ 1521 .E5 S29 1957 The song of Roland. newly translated into English with an introd. by Jessie Crosland. New York, Cooper Square Publishers, 1967. PQ 1521 .E5 C7 1967 The song of Roland translated, with an introd., by Frederick Goldin. 1st ed. New York: Norton, c1978. PQ 1521 .E5 G6 1978 The song of Roland. translated with an introduction by C.H. Sisson. Manchester: Carcanet, 1983. PQ 1521 .E5 S57 1983 The Song of Roland. ed. Gerard J. Brault. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. PQ 1521 .E5 B7 1978 The song of Roland translated with an introduction and notes by Glyn Burgess. London, England: New York, N.Y., USA: Penguin Books, 1990. COMMENTARY: Ashby-Beach, Genette. The Song of Roland: a generative study of the formulaic language in the single combat. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1985. PQ 1524 .C65 A84 1985 Cook, Robert Francis. \f Press, 1987. PQ 1522 .C66 1987 Dobozy, Maria. Full circle: kingship in the German epic: Alexanderlied, Rolandslied, "Spielmannsepen". Goppingen: Kummerle, 1985. PT 214 .D6 1985 Duggan, Joseph J. A guide to studies on the Chanson de Roland. London: Grant and Cutler, 1976. Z 6521 .R7 D83 Duggan, Joseph J. The Song of Roland; formulaic style and poetic craft. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1973. Mickel, Emanuel J. Ganelon, treason, and the "Chanson de Roland". University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, c1989. PQ 1524 .G35 M53 1989 THE CID TEXTS: The poem of the Cid. translated by John Ormsby. New York, G. E. Stechert, 1915. PQ 6367 .E3 O7 The poem of my Cid. translated by Peter Such & John Hodgkinson. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, c1987. PQ 6367 .E3 S9 1987 COMMENTARY: De Chasca, Edmund. The poem of the Cid. Boston: Twayne Publishers, c1976. PQ 6373 .D4 Deyermond, A. D. Epic poetry and the clergy: studies on the Mocedades de Rodrigo. London, Tamesis, distributed by Grant & Cutler, 1968. PQ 6374 .D4 Duggan, Joseph J. The Cantar de mio Cid: poetic creation in its economic and social contexts. Cambridge England ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989. PQ 6380 .D8 1989 Fletcher, Richard A. The quest for El Cid. London: Hutchinson, c1989. DP 99 .F57 1989 Menendez Pidal, Ramon. The Cid and his Spain. Translated by Harold Sunderland. London F. Cass 1971. DP 99 .M43 1971 \f The making of the Poema de Mio Cid. Cambridge ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. PQ 6373 .S6 1983 FRANCIS OF ASSISI TEXTS: Francis of Assisi: with extracts from the lives of Bonaventure, Thomas of Celano, and the Three Companions. translated by William Neil. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1975. BX 4700 .F6 N5413 St. Francis of Assisi: the legends and lauds. edited, selected and annotated by Otto Karrer ; translated by N. Wydenbruck. London: Sheed & Ward, 1947. BX 4700 .F61 K3 1947x Giotto, the legend of St. Francis as depicted in the Assisi frescoes, and faithfully copied. by Edith M. Cowles. New York: E.P. Dutton & Co., inc., 1931 Habig, Marion A. St. Francis of Assisi: writings and early biographies: English omnibus of the sources for the life of St. Francis. 3d rev. ed., Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1977 BX 4700 .F6 H27 1977 Scripta Leonis, Rufini et Angeli, Sociorum S. Francisci. The writings of Leo, Rufino and Angelo, companions of St. Francis. edited and translated by Rosalind B. Brooke. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1970. The little flowers of St. Francis of Assisi. London: Burns Oates, 1953. BX 4700 .F63 E5 1953b The little flowers of Saint Francis of Assisi. translated T. W. Arnold. London: J. M. Dent New York: E. P. Dutton, 1898. BX 4700 .F63 E5 1898 The little flowers ; &, the life of St. Francis. With the Mirror of perfection. London: J.M. Dent ; New York: Dutton, 1910. 082 Ev27 no. 485 COMMENTARY: Armstrong, Edward Allworthy. Saint Francis: nature mystic; the derivation and significance of the nature stories in the Franciscan Legend. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973. BX 4700 .F6 A78 Berenson, Bernard. A Sienese painter of the Franciscan legend. London: J.M. Dent, 1909. ND 623 .S3 B4 Art Library \f St. Francis and the song of brotherhood. London ; Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1980. Leclerc, Eloi. Francis of Assisi: return to the Gospel. translated by Richard Arnandez. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, c1983. BX 4700 .F6 L36713 1983 Leclerc, Eloi. The Canticle of creatures: Symbols of union: an analysis of St. Francis of Assisi. translated by Matthew J. O'Connell. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press, 1977. BV 489 .F74 C37413 Moleta, Vincent. From St. Francis to Giotto: the influence of St. Francis on early Italian art and literature. Chicago, IL: Franciscan Herald Press, c1983. NX 663 .I8 M64 1983 Smith, John Holland. Francis of Assisi. London, Sidgwick & Jackson 1972 BX 4700 .F6 S56 1972 Sorrell, Roger D. St. Francis of Assisi and nature: tradition and innovation in Western Christian attitudes toward the environment. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. BT 695.5 .S68 1988 Stubblebine, James H. Assisi and the rise of vernacular art. 1st ed. Cambridge: Harper & Row, c1985. ND 2757 .A8 S88 1985 Art Library Trexler, Richard C. Naked before the father: the renunciation of Francis of Assisi. New York: P. Lang, c1989. BX 4700 .F6 T67 1989

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