Patience

Auteur:	Texte généralement attribué au Pearl Poet.
Titre:	Pacience (début du poème); Patience
Date:	Fin du XIV^e siècle
Langue:	Anglais
Genre:
Forme:	531 vers
Contenu:
Incipit:	Pacience is a poynt, þaȝ hit displese ofte, when heuy herttes ben hurt wyth heþyng oþer elles, suffraunce may aswagen hem & þe swelme leþe, for ho quelles vche a qued, & quenches malyce…
Explicit:	… For-þy when pouerté me enpreceȝ & payneȝ in-noȝe, ful softly with suffraunce saȝttel me bihoueȝ, for þe penaunce & payne to preue hit in syȝt, þat pacience is a nobel poynt, þaȝ hit displese ofte. Amen.

Manuscrits

London, British Library, Cotton, Nero A. X/2, f. 86r-94r [⇛ Description]

Éditions anciennes

Éditions modernes

Early English Alliterative Poems, in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century. Copied and edited from a unique manuscript in the library of the British Museum, Cotton, Nero A. X with an introduction, notes, and glossarial index, by Richard Morris. Second edition, revised, London, Trübner (Early English Text Society. Original Series, 1), 1869, xliv + 216 p. (ici p. 89-104) [GB] [HT] [IA]
Édition antérieure:
- Early English Alliterative Poems, in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century. Copied and edited from a unique manuscript in the library of the British Museum, with an introduction, notes, and glossarial index, by Richard Morris, London, Trübner (Early English Text Society. Original Series, 1), 1864, xli + 216 p. [GB] [HT] [IA]
Réimpressions:
- Early English Alliterative Poems, in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century. Copied and edited from a unique manuscript in the library of the British Museum, Cotton, Nero A. X with an introduction, notes, and glossarial index, by Richard Morris. Third reprint, London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. (Early English Text Society. Original Series, 1), 1896, xliv + 216 p. [GB] [IA]
- Early English Alliterative Poems, in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century, edited from the unique manuscript British Museum MS. Cotton Nero A. X by Richard Morris, London, New York et Toronto, Oxford University Press (Early English Text Society. Original Series, 1), 1965, xliv + 216 p. [HT]
Select Early English Poems edited by Sir Israel Gollancz. I. Patience, an alliterative version of Jonah by the poet of Pearl, London, Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1913. [HT] [IA]
Patience, a West Midland poem of the fourteenth century edited by Hartley Bateson. Second edition, recast and partly rewritten, Manchester, Manchester University Press; London, Longmans, Green and Co. (Publications of the University of Manchester. English Series, 3), 1918, xlviii + 77 p. [HT] [IA]
Édition antérieure:
- Patience, a West Midland poem of the fourteenth century edited with introduction, bibliography, notes, and glossary by Hartley Bateson, Manchester, Manchester University Press (Publications of the University of Manchester. English Series, 3), 1912, ix + 149 p. [HT] [IA]
Pearl, Cleanness, Patience and Sir Gawain, reproduced in facsimile from the unique ms. Cotton Nero A. X in the British Museum, with introduction by Sir I. Gollancz, London, Milford et Oxford University Press (Early English Text Society. Original Series, 162), 1923, 44 p. + [179] p. de pl. — Réimpr.: 1931; 1955; 1971; 2007.
Select Early English Poems edited by Sir Israel Gollancz. I. Patience, an alliterative version of Jonah by the poet of Pearl. Second edition, London, Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1924, viii + 77 p. + [3] f. de pl.
"Pearl", "Cleanness", "Patience", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", edited with an introduction by A. C. Cawley and J. J. Anderson, London, Dent, 1962, 258 p.
Patience, edited by John Julian Anderson, New York, Barnes and Noble; Manchester, Manchester University Press (Old and Middle English Texts), 1969, viii + 112 p. — Réimpr.: 1972; 1977.
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight; Pearl; Cleanness; Patience, edited by J. J. Anderson, London, Everyman (Everyman's Library), 1976, xxv + 319 p. — Réimpr.: 1996.
The Works of the Gawain-Poet, éd. Charles Moorman, Jackson, University Press of Mississippi, 1977, xii + 452 p.
The Pearl Poems: an omnibus edition edited by William Vantuono, New York, Garland (Renaissance Imagination, 5-6), 1984, 2 t. (ici t. 2)
The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript: "Pearl", "Cleanness", "Patience", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight" Edited by Malcolm Andrew and Ronald Waldron, London, Arnold (York Medieval Texts. Second Series), 1978, 376 p. — 2^e éd.: Exeter, University of Exeter (Exeter Medieval English Texts), 1987. — 3^e éd.: 1996. — 4^e éd.: 2002. — 5^e éd.: Fully Revised Fifth Edition With New Introduction and Incorporating Prose Translation on CD-ROM, 2007.
The Complete Works of the Pearl Poet, translated with an introduction by Casey Finch; facing-page Middle English texts edited by Malcolm Andrew and Ronald Waldron, Clifford Peterson, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1993, xi + 476 p.

Traductions modernes

en anglais:
- The Complete Works of the Gawain-Poet, in a modern English version with a critical introduction by John Gardner, Chicago et London, University of Chicago Press, 1965, 347 p.
- The Pearl-Poet: his Complete Works, translated, with an introduction by Margaret Williams, New York, Vintage Books, 1967, viii + 348 p. — Réimpr.: 1970.
- Vantuono 1984 (voir sous Éditions modernes)
- Finch, Andrew, Waldron et Peterson 1993 (voir sous Éditions modernes)
- The Gawain Poet Complete Works: Patience; Cleanness; Pearl; Saint Erkenwald; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Verse translations by Marie Borroff, New York et London, Norton, 2011, xxv + 306 p.

Études

Andrew, Malcolm, « Jonah and Christ in Patience », Modern Philology, 70:3, 1973, p. 230-233. [jstor.org]
Berlin, Normand, « Patience: a study in poetic elaboration », Studia neophilologica, 33:1, 1961, p. 80-85. DOI: 10.1080/00393276108587230
Borroff, Marie, « Narrative artistry in St. Erkenwald and the Gawain-Group: the case for common authorship reconsidered », Studies in the Age of Chaucer, 28, 2006, p. 41-76.
Brewer, Derek, et Jonathan Gibson, éd., A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, Cambridge, Brewer (Arthurian Studies, 38), 1997, 442 p.
Burrow, J. A., The Gawain-Poet, Plymouth, Northcote House (Writers and Their Work), 2001, v + 70 p.
Davenport, W. A., The Art of the Gawain-Poet, London, Athlone Press, 1978, xiii + 233 p.
Davis, Adam Brooke, « What the poet of Patience really did to the Book of Jonah », Viator, 22, 1991, p. 267-278. DOI: 10.1484/j.viator.2.301325
Diekstra, F. N. M., « Jonah and Patience: the psychology of a prophet », English Studies, 55, 1974, p. 205-217.
Emerson, O. F., « A parallel between the Middle English poem Patience and an early Latin poem attributed to Tertullian », Publications of the Modern Language Society of America, 10, 1895, p. 244.
Fischer, Joseph, Die stabende Langzeile in den Werken des Gawaindichters, Darmstadt, Otto's Hofbuchdruckerei, 1900, 76 p. [GB] [IA]
Friedman, John B., « Figural typology in the Middle English Patience », The Alliterative Tradition in the Fourteenth Century, éd. Bernard S. Levy et Paul E. Szarmach, Kent, Ohio, 1981.
Fuhrmann, Johannes, Die alliterierenden Sprachformeln in Morris' "Early English Alliterative Poems" und im "Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight", Hamburg, Hintel's Buchdruckerei, 1886, 84 p. [GB] [IA]
Hatt, Cecilia A., God and the Gawain-Poet: Theology and Genre in "Pearl", "Cleanness", "Patience", and "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", Cambridge, Brewer, 2015, x + 249 p.
Hill, Ordelle G., « The Late-Latin De Jona as a source for Patience », Journal of English and Germanic Philology, 66, 1967, p. 21-25.
Knigge, Friedrich, Die Sprache des Dichters von Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, der sogenannten Early English Alliterative Poems und De Erkenwalde. Teil I. Lautlehre, Marburg, Elwert'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1886, [iii] + 120 p. [GB] [IA]
Édition antérieure:
- Knigge, Friedrich, Die Sprache des Dichters von Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, der sogenannten Early English Alliterative Poems und De Erkenwalde. Teil I. Lautlehre, Marburg, Elwert'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1886, 120 p. [GB] [IA]
Kottler, Barnet, et Alan M. Markman, A Concordance to Five Middle English Poems: "Clenness", "St. Erkenwald", "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight", "Patience", "Pearl", Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1966, xxxiii + 761 p.
Liljegren, S. B., « Has the poet of Patience read De Jona? », Englische Studien, 48, 1914-1915, p. 337-341. [GB] [HT] [IA]
Prior, Sandra Pierson, « Patience–beyond Apocalypse », Modern Philology, 83, 1986, p. 337-348.
Savage, Henry Lyttleton, The Gawain-Poet: Studies in his Personality and Background, Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1956, xviii + 236 p.
Schwahn, F., Die Conjugation in "Sir Gawayn and the Green Knight" und den sogenannten "Early English Alliterative Poems". Ein Beitrag zur mittelenglischen Grammatik, Strassburg, Heitz, 1884, 27 p. [GB] [IA]
Shoaf, R. A., « God's "malyse": metaphor and conversion in Patience », Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 11, 1981, p. 261-279.
Spearing, A. C., « Patience and the Gawain-poet », Anglia, 84, 1966, p. 305-329. DOI: 10.1515/angl.1966.1966.84.305
Spearing, A. C., Textual Subjectivity: The Encoding of Subjectivity in Medieval Narratives and Lyrics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, viii + 273 p.
Stock, Lorraine Kochanske, « The "poynt" of Patience », Text and Matter: New Critical Perspectives of the "Pearl"-Poet, éd. Robert J. Blanch, Miriam Youngerman Miller et Julian N. Wasserman, Troy, NY, Whitston, 1991, p. 163-175.
Szarmach, Paul E., « Two notes on Patience », Notes and Queries, 216 (n.s. 18), 1971, p. 125-127. DOI: 10.1093/nq/18-4-125
Vasta, Edward, « Denial in the Middle English Patience », Thge Chaucer Review, 33, 1998, p. 1-30.
Wasserman, Julian Noa, The Edifice Complex: The Metaphor of The City in "Purity" and "Patience", Ph. D. dissertation, Rice University, 1975, [v] + 235 p. [handle.net]
Weiskott, Eric, « Alliterative metre and the textual criticism of the Gawain Group », Yearbook of Langland Studies, 29, 2015, p. 151-175.

Bibliographie